With the banking sector still largely frozen in terms of credit extension, the Fed has been aggressively expanding its balance sheet again. In particular, it has been focused on the housing sector, which remains central to the recovery. The Fed has ramped up its purchases of both GSE debt andmortgage-backed securities, and is again growing its balance sheet. The Fed’s purchases have more than offset the decline in purchases by foreign investors. It also has been purchasing longer-term U.S. Treasury securities in an attempt to bring down longer-term interest rates.
Rates have fallen as a result and this has kick-started refinance activity in the market. The Mortgage Bankers Association application index for refinance applications has leaped with the decline in rates, and volumes of loan production have risen substantially. There has been a modest rise in purchase applications as well. However, purchase lending activity is substantially less interest-rate sensitive than refinancing.
While home sales have been searching for a bottom and there have been numerous statements of optimism and some data for support, the bottom has probably not occurred, though it is closer. Several monthly indicators had a good month recently, including builder optimism.
Nonetheless, it is worth noting the dramatic shares of recent months’ sales that are attributable to short sales and foreclosure sales among the existing home sale data from the National Association of REALTORS®. In March, more than half of existing homes sold were distressed sales, and there isnot yet evidence of a turning in the rate of foreclosure. Thisdifficult to track because at last count nine states and a number of counties and municipalities, plus individual companies,had foreclosure moritoria in place.
The trouble in the single-family market which has generated a huge supply of vacant and for sale owner-occupied homes is starting to have some impact on the multifamily business. While recessions always impact multifamily properties as household formation rates decline and rent hikes slow or fall, this cyclical turn has the added pressure from the abnormal events in the single-family world. Average rent fell as vacancy rates topped 7 percent in the multifamily market in the fourth quarter of 2008.
Doug Duncan and Molly R. Boesel, Economics and Mortgage Market Analysis, April 8, 2009